The article ‘Visual Fixation Patterns During Viewing of Naturalistic Social Situations as Predictors of Social Competence in Individuals With Autism’ investigates whether people with autism use different techniques to controls to extract social information from the world around them. This theory was based on previous research, which has found that people with autism often pay more attention to others’ mouths and less time on the eyes in social situations.
The paper looked at the time participants spent looking at four potential regions- mouth, eye, body and object- when watching a series of videos of complex social situations. Results showed that the time spent looking at the eye region was best at discriminating between those in the autism group and controls. However, within the group of autistic participants, time spent looking at the mouth was most predictive of (and positively correlated to) social competence, as measured by a range of questionnaires. More time spent looking at objects was predictive of greater social disability. The paper puts forward many possible explanations for this unexpected result, but does not claim to be certain of its reason.
Why do you think that time spent looking at people’s mouths was predictive of social competence in the autism group? What kind of social information can be found by looking at someone’s mouth?
To what extent do you think that this paper’s findings are relevant to developing behavioral treatments for autism?
Sarah Wagstaff.